. In November 2016, a number of large protests and strikes were organized, initially by Anglophone lawyers, students, and teachers focused on the growing marginalization of English and Anglophone institutions in the law and education. Explore the benefits of your FP subscription. Overview. The self-declared state borders Cameroon to the east, Nigeria to the west and north and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Black stands for the people, the culture. No country has formally recognized Ambazonia's independence, and it is currently the site of an armed conflict between Ambazonian separatist guerrillas and the Cameroonian military known as the Anglophone Crisis. NEW FOR SUBSCRIBERS: t.async = !0; Weekly update on whats driving U.S. national security policy. The scope of the alliance will include joint operations and training bases, Capo Daniel, the deputy defense chief of the Ambazonia Defense Forces, the military wing of the Ambazonia Governing Council, told Foreign Policy. November 20, 2017. Jess Craig is an independent journalist based in Central Africa. The Nigerians have failed to act, the international community has failed to act, so we have no other choice but to get into an alliance that can better our chances to defend ourselves.. One-stop digest of politics, economics, and culture. The panelists included Anne Richards, CEO of Fidelity International; Carmine Di Sibio, CEO of Ernst & Young; Mathias Miedreich, CEO of Umicore; and Lubna S. Olayan, chair of the executive committee of Olayan Financing Company. [16], The Federal Republic of Southern Cameroon/Ambazonia is a federation made up of Three Autonomous States, namely Equatorial State, Midland State and Savannah State. Black stands for the People and culture. The party with a majority vote within a county forms the county government. This then spreads to other parts of West Africa where you have populations that identify with the Fulani or with Peul [another name for ethnic Fulani], and then they may either feel victimized or pinpointed or isolated or targeted., The Biafran and Ambazonian movements are both fractured, and not all factions support the alliance and rising violence. [8], Armed separatists are split into dozens of guerilla groups of various sizes, many of which have joined the Ambazonia Self-Defence Council (ASC) under the Interim Government. The groups will work to secure their shared border and ensure an open exchange of weapons and personnel, representatives of both the Ambazonia and IPOB movements said. Click + to receive email alerts when new stories are published on. Boko Haram is an Islamist militant rebel group that has been carrying out brutal attacks on towns in Northern Nigeria since 2011. The Sun stands for Prosperity and Justice (Kumba school massacre). [4] Over time, the power of the central government, dominated by Francophones, expanded at the expense of the region's autonomy. Join in-depth conversations and interact with foreign-policy experts with. [17] The County-Ministers appoints Prefects or District Officers to county districts (Local Government Area). Nationalism and protectionism were already on the rise when COVID-19 shut down global supply chains. Further east towards Cameroon a series of volcanoes like the Manengouba or Kupe can be found. Midland State Counties (demonym;Midlanda): Flag of Lebialem County. The Sun stands for the Birth of a new day, prosperity. Midterm Elections). Mountains stands for the Two peaks of mount Fako (Mount Cameroon), determination and leadership. The hills stand for the terrain of the land and determination to succeed. Delivered Monday-Friday. Flying bird stands for Freedom, wisdom and protection). County-Ministers are responsible for the development of their counties, both socially and economically. [63] The northeastern parts of Northwest Region (including the city of Bamenda) have a tropical savanna climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons. All projects of the former West Cameroon I had either initiated or held very dear to my heart had to be taken over, mismanaged and ruined, e.g. Two unequal former colonies became a single federal state; however, the disparities between the two were not addressed. Gorji Dinka became the first head of the Ambazonia Restoration Council. The Federal Republic of Ambazonia (Southern Cameroons) is an unrecognised and disputed region located in the armpit of Africa, a crossroad between west and central africa, on the Gulf of Guinea. Too dangerous at the moment. Watch FPs Ravi Agrawal in conversation with two of the contributors to the magazines cover story, Anne-Marie Slaughter and retired Gen. David Petraeus, as they reflect on whats surprised themand how to prevent future wars. [20] Two reports by English economists, the Phillipson Report in 1959 and the Berrill Report in 1960 both concluded that Southern Cameroons would not be able to continue to finance development and growth as an independent state. Targeted ethnic violence against the Igbos by Fulani and other northern Nigerian ethnic groups was one of several factors that led to the civil war in the 1960s. Surrounded by water from all directions, Africa is a continent with clearly defined borders. From the late 1800s until 1916, Germany held sway over a vast territory it called Kamerun, geo-engineered to reach the heart of the Sahel at Lake Chad. The country split from Sudan in 2011 and remains the African continent's youngest country. Not included in this total of "countries" and listed separately are: Dependencies (or dependent territories, dependent areas) or Areas of . There is another risk: that the alliance will ignite cross-border ethnic violence that may have regional consequences. In recent years, the death toll from ethnic and intercommunal violence has reached unprecedented levels, even exceeding that of violent extremism and terrorism in Mali, according to ACLED. [4][5][6], The region, which has been at war with Cameroon since the 2016 lawyers and teachers protest, aims to separate into independent country known as Ambazonia,[7] a name coined by the Widikum Fon, Honourable Fon Gorji Dinka,[8] from the name of the Ambas Bay and the word Zone, as a protest to the 1982 name change of the United Republic of Cameroon to the Republic of Cameroon,[9] which was the name Cameroon had since gaining it's independence in 1960, and was seen as an attempt by the Cameroon Government to erase the culture of West Cameroon (a name Southern Cameroons attain after federation with Cameroon in 1961). Blue stands for the Meme River and Liberty. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia is a secessionist state of Cameroon, self-proclamed in its English-speaking regions. Address: 11207A Lockwood Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901, Phone Number: (301) 593-4879 On a hierarchy of national land areas, Ambazonia is perched between Denmark and the Netherlands. (Various separatist leaders deny that financial support has waned; however, fighters and aid workers on the ground confirm that extortion of war taxes and kidnap-for-ransom schemes are now the main income source to support ongoing fighting.) In 1962, he arrested and imprisoned a number of prominent (Francophone) political opponents on charges of subversion and criticizing the state. Endeley emerged as leader of the Quasi-Region of Southern Cameroons, with his official title being Leader of Government Business. White stands for Hope and wisdom under God. Download the new FP mobile app to read anytime, anywhere. Bird stands for Freedom, vision and wisdom. It is located between Nigeria to the west and north, and Cameroun to the east; it is wedged between West Africa and the former French Equatorial Africa. Ambazonia is located in the west of Cameroon and southeast of Nigeria on the Gulf of Guinea. [27], Flag of Boyo. Cameroon is a lower-middle-income country with a population of over 25 million ( 2019 ). The separatist group, however, stated that there would not be peace in the sub-Saharan region of Africa until Biafra and Ambazonia agitators in Nigeria and Cameroon respectively get their . Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory.No country has formally recognized Ambazonia's independence, and it is currently the site of an armed conflict between . Steve Bannons Man in Italy Has Big Plans, The Hidden History of the Worlds Top Offshore Cryptocurrency Tax Haven, Irans Protests Are Nowhere Near Revolutionary. Whereas I spent all my life fighting to have a deep sea port in Limbe(Victoria) developed, this project had to be shelved and instead an expensive pipeline is to be built from SONARA in Limbe to Douala in order to pipe the oil to Douala. Military Excesses Its Friday December 14, 2018, and the Mile 17 bus station in Buea, capital of the South West Region, is busy like a beehive. Counties are further divided into Districts (Local Government Areas) governed by a District Officer who is voted into office during State elections. Delivered Wednesday. Representatives can either be party affiliated or independent and are elected during national and state elections (which are similar to the U.S. midterm election and takes place every two years, in the middle of a presidential term), The State Council is responsible for the check and balances of the State Government and its leaders. The term Ambazonia is more usually associated with the separatist or independence-seeking faction, while the Cameroonian government and other official sources, such as the UN, continue to refer to the "Northwest Region" and "Southwest Region" (or sometimes the "NoSo" regions), the official names of the two administrative provinces since 1972. Against a backdrop of bomb blasts, sporadic violence and repressive state measures, Cameroon's Anglophone crisis has entered a new and intensified phase. In 1958, the Southern Cameroons attained the status of a full autonomous region of the Nigerian Federation and Endeley's official title accordingly changed to Premier. Dispatch: History. Dengarkan Ambazonia National Radio dari Amerika Serikat, Buffalo secara online gratis dalam kualitas tinggi di situs. Armed alliance between IPOB, Ambazonia could destabilise West and Central Africa; Daniel admitted in an interview with Foreign Policy that the alliance could destabilise West and Central Africa, with Nigeria being the largest economy in West Africa, and Cameroon, one of the major countries in Central Africa. As the violence intensified, international efforts to resolve the crisis picked up. At 4,040m (13,250ft) it is the highest mountain in Western Africa and the 28th highest in Africa overall. }; Black stands for the People and Culture. Although the government has made some concessions, it must rebuild mutual trust with Anglophone actors in order to avoid instability ahead of the 2018 general elections. It took only a short while, however, for complaints to emerge. [23], Flag of Menchum.Symbolism (Red stands for the Blood and strength of the people. Then RusShow moresia invaded Ukraine, and businesses around the world confronted a decision on whether to pull out of the Russian market. The government claims armed English-speaking separatists who want to create a new nation called Ambazonia have terrorized civilians and attacked government forces, prompting the military to. [19], Flag of Equatorial State. Delivered Friday. The Interim Government of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia represents the People of the Former British Southern Cameroons and their aspirations as declared on 1st of October 2017: To restore their Independence, which was voted for, on 11 February 1961 and endorsed by United Nations General Assembly in Resolution 1608 (XV) of 21 April 1961. [17] The districts are made up of tribal territories run by Chiefs, Fon etc or villages. Lets watch and see if the so-called Amnesty International will condemn this attack, and CALL the ambazonia TERRORISTS for what they are. China, Russia are 'destabilizing' Africa, warns . } Meanwhile, government forces have torched entire villages suspected of harboring separatists, disappeared and executed civilians without due process, and tortured detainees. [33] On 6 November 1982, Ahidjo resigned and handed over power to Paul Biya who continued Ahidjo's policies and, after a falling out with Ahidjo and attempted coup by Ahidjo supporters, consolidated power in himself. [43] Although the government established a Commission to focus on Anglophone grievances and took steps to address issues of language equity in courts and schools, continued distrust and harsh responses to protests prevented significant deescalation. [44] At least 17 people were killed in protests following the declaration of independence, while fourteen Cameroonian troops were killed in attacks claimed by the Ambazonia Defence Forces. Blue stands for Perseverance and liberty. ), Flag of the Midland State. Evening roundup with our editors favorite stories of the day. Zinchenko: Soccer symbolises Ukraine fight, Pender County Humane Society holding Pet Pals Foto Fundraiser, UK government bonds sell off on higher interest rate expectations, Bishops in western Cameroon concerned war will keep kids from school, Several killed in Cameroon as anglophones declare independent Ambazonia EURACTIV.com, Biafra, Ambazonia, Oduduwa to march at EU headquarters, says IPOB | The Guardian Nigeria News, Latin American exports lose momentum in 2022 and 2023, report by IDB Bank MercoPress, VSBLTY Selected As A Systems Integrator For Intel Smart Edge, AMBAZONIA ARMAGEDDON: Sinkhole Swallowing BIR Terrorists And Paul Biyas Militia Zombies, Keir Starmer says Rishi Sunak should apologise for lethal chaos in NHS under his watch UK politics live | Politics, Latest Updates From the World Economic Forum, Yakima Humane Society participating in 'Betty White Challenge' KIMA CBS 29. Other countries outside of the African continent have been involved in cryptocurrency initiatives. In May 1985, he was arrested, imprisoned, and then put under house arrest for three years before escaping first to Nigeria and then to the United Kingdom.[36]. Despite the violence, both governments and the international community have failed to address long-standing grievances. Paul Biyas regime is ignoring the battle against Boko Haram and the Islamic State and using foreign counterterrorism assistance to fund its brutal repression of citizens with legitimate grievances. Amabazonia since 2016 protests are defended by many separatist groups spearheaded by Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF), famously known as 'the boys'. Cameroon has maintained a bilingual system but the English speakers feel oppressed, The 1961 [Cameroon] constitution gave room for a federation, attorney Henry Baaboh said. The full list is shown in the table below, with current population and subregion (based on the United Nations official statistics). White flower stands for hope, rebirth and peace. Moreover, Nigerian and Cameroonian security forces have repeatedly violated human rights to quell the protests. By late 2017, with dialogue efforts moribund and violence continuing on both sides, the leading Ambazonian nationalist movements organized the umbrella organization Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front (SCACUF). A Biafra-Ambazonia weapons exchange will bolster the Anglophone separatist movement, which has suffered in recent months from a severe lack of financial support from the diaspora, perhaps due to waning interest, pervasive human rights abuses carried out by separatist groups against civilians, or major divisions in the diaspora leadership. function facebookTracking() { West Cameroon was divided into two administrative regions, which survive today: the "North West" and "South West" regions.[32]. if there were many agitations and co mments, the new social order of Fon . Premiers (or State Governors) are responsible for State finance and economic developments. Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the land. SCACUF sought to transition itself into an interim government with its leader, Sisiku Ayuk Tabe Julius, as interim president. Dissatisfaction with these agreements led to the brief Douala War in 1884, in which Germany assisted its local allies in winning, essentially cementing its colonial position in Cameroon and by 1887 Britain had abandoned its claims in the region.[13][14]. The bay which is located in southwestern Cameroon is considered as the boundary between Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroon. Britain established Ambas Bay Protectorate in [] The bay, which is located in southwestern Cameroon, is considered to be the border between southern Cameroon and the Republic of Cameroon. Countries of Africa: . The Ambazonia dispute arose from the disposition of Germany's African colonies after World War I. Talks have now begun between the government and a key separatist faction headed by imprisoned leader, Sisiku Julius AyukTabe. As large parts of Ambazonia are in the Western High Plateau, they have a somewhat cooler climate than the surrounding areas in Cameroon and Nigeria. Western Africa Map showing the 16 countries of Western Africa Benin Burkina Faso Cabo Verde Gambia Ghana Guinea Blue stands for the sky, liberty. Any of the states can secede from the federation based on a referendum that supports it, provided certain constitutional laws and human rights are broken. Many militias have sought to enforce a total school strike since 2017 due to concerns over the lack of Anglophone teachers and curriculum. In 1984, a group of English speaking people, led by renowned lawyer and leader of the Widikum people, Fon Gorji Dinka, unilaterally declared the Republic of Ambazonia. This was in retaliation to the move by French speaking President Paul Biya to unilaterally change the name of the country from United Republic of Cameroon to Republic of Cameroon. This settlement which was later named Victoria (now Limbe, Cameroon) after the then Queen Victoria. A bit isolated from the other volcanoes is the Mount Fako (Mount Cameroon) near the very Southern Tip of Ambazonia. Hassan Mounp is a man with big plans for his small peanut-selling business. Security Most recently, in early April, armed gunmen attacked a prison in Imo state, situated in the Biafra region, and aided in the escape of nearly 2,000 prisoners. On the other hand, Cameroon's state Army is using shrewd military tactics against the guerilla warfare of these militias. Britain established Ambas Bay Protectorate in 1884 with Victoria as its capital. All progress of employment, appointments, etc. Ambazonia, Cameroon After World War I, the German colony of Cameroon was placed under a British and French mandate. Red disk stands for the blood shed by the people for the struggle and courage. The lowlands along the coast and the river valleys of Manyu, both of which are parts of the Benue Trough, are warmer. President Ahmadou Ahidjo used the continuing war and the vagueness of many provisions of the Constitution, to consolidate power. County flags are symbolic for their respective county and may have several meanings. Want to read more on this topic or region? The government of 83-year-old President Paul Biya has showed no signsto compromise. Modern Peanuts of Cameroon: Selling with style. The Ambazonia Defense Forces see the Biafra-Ambazonia alliance as a critical outlet to end rising Fulani-led attacks. Located between the Gulf of Guinea and Central Africa, during the colonial era the country's southern part . From the mid-1980s, the break between the Southern Cameroon elites and the Francophone-dominated central government became increasingly apparent. The bay which is located in southwestern Cameroon is considered as the boundary between Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroon. ecent alliance between the separatist groupsIndigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in Nigeria, and Cameroon's breakaway state Ambazoniacan trigger instability in the West Africa region, a Foreign Policy report has said.. Last month, IPOB leader Nnamdi Kanu and Cho Ayaba, leader of the Ambazonian Governing Council appeared in a press conference, livestreamed on social media, to announce a . The problem is that when European powers partitioned Africa, they split up families, relatives and communities that got along very well, whereas in some cases, communities that were enemies or competed against each other were bundled together into one territory, Jrgen Zimmerer, a historian at the University of Hamburg, told DW. The mountains stand for Mount Kupe and Mount Manenguba and the determination to succeed. Grievances of Anglophone Cameroonians date back to 1961, when the region was granted independence from Britain. [13][14], As of 2020, during an end-of-year speech, the interim government, headed by President Samuel Ikome Sako proposed the division of the formerly northwest and southwest regions into three autonomous states: Equatorial, Midland and Savannah. Are responsible for the Fertility of the Constitution, to consolidate power the land a key separatist faction headed imprisoned. 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